What is an occlusal splint and its general purpose in TMD management?

• A. A bite guard placed over teeth to reduce grinding, redistribute occlusal forces, and decrease joint loading; stabilization splint
• B. A device to whiten teeth
• C. A device to permanently realign teeth with surgery
• D. A mouth exercise device to strengthen muscles

Answer: (A)

An occlusal splint is a removable dental appliance that fits over the teeth, usually covering the upper or lower arch. Its general purpose in TMD management is to protect the teeth from grinding (parafunction), to redistribute occlusal forces more evenly across the dentition, and to decrease joint loading. By providing a stable, even bite, the splint can reduce excessive muscle activity and give the temporomandibular joint a chance to settle into a more comfortable, less stressed position. This particular type is called a stabilization splint because its aim is to stabilize the bite rather than to reposition the jaw.

It’s different from other devices described in the choices: whitening devices are for cosmetic tooth whitening, surgical realignment involves orthodontics or surgery, and mouth-exercise devices are intended to train or strengthen muscles rather than protect and stabilize the bite.